BGP设置示例
网络技术是从1990年代中期发展起来的新技术，它把互联网上分散的资源融为有机整体，实现资源的全面共享和有机协作，使人们能够透明地使用资源的整体能力并按需获取信息。资源包括高性能计算机、存储资源、数据资源、信息资源、知识资源、专家资源、大型数据库、网络、传感器等。 当前的互联网只限于信息共享，网络则被认为是互联网发展的第三阶段。
CAT 1
CAT1> (enable) show running-config
begin
!
# ***** NON-DEFAULT CONFIGURATION *****
!
!
#version 6.3(5)
!
#system
set system name CAT1
set system highavailability enable
!-- Enables high availability on Catalyst switch.
!
#vtp
set vtp domain cisco
set vlan 1 name default type ethernet mtu 1500 said 100001 state active
[..]
set vlan 10,20
!
#set boot command
set boot config-register 0x2102
set boot system flash bootflash:cat6000-sup.6-3-5.bin
!
#module 3 : 48-port 10/100BaseTX Ethernet
set vlan 10 3/2
!-- Port 3/2 is connected to AS10 on VLAN 10.
!
#module 5 : 8-port 1000BaseX Ethernet
set module name 5
set trunk 5/2 on isl 1-1005,1025-4094
!-- Port 5/2 is connected to CAT 2 as Trunk.
!
#module 15 : 1-port Multilayer Switch Feature Card
!-- MSFC #1 on Port 1, Mod 15.
!
#module 16 : 1-port Multilayer Switch Feature Card
!-- MSFC #2 on Port 2, Mod 16.
CAT 2
CAT2 (enable) show running-config
begin
!
# ***** NON-DEFAULT CONFIGURATION *****
!
!
#version 6.3(5)
!
#system
set system name CAT2
set system highavailability enable
!-- Enables high availability on Catalyst switch.
!
#vtp
set vtp domain cisco
set vlan 1 name default type ethernet mtu 1500 said 100001 state active
set vlan 10,20
!
#set boot command
set boot config-register 0x2102
set boot system flash bootflash:cat6000-sup.6-3-5.bin
!
!
#module 3 : 48-port 10/100BaseTX Ethernet
set vlan 20 3/3
!-- Port 3/3 is connected to AS20 on VLAN 20.
!
#module 4 : 8-port 1000BaseX Ethernet
set module name 4
set trunk 4/2 on isl 1-1005,1025-4094
!-- Port 4/2 is connected to CAT 1 as Trunk.
!
#module 15 : 1-port Multilayer Switch Feature Card
!-- MSFC 1 on Port 1, Mod 15.
!
#module 16 : 1-port Multilayer Switch Feature Card
!-- MSFC #2 on Port 2, Mod 16.
MSFC Configuration on CAT1
CAT1> (enable)
CAT1> (enable) session 15
Trying Router-15...
Connected to Router-15.
Escape character is '^]'.
MSFC-CAT1>enable
MSFC-CAT1#show running-config
Building configuration...
Current configuration : 868 bytes
!
version 12.1
!
hostname MSFC-CAT1
!
boot system bootflash:c6msfc2-jsv-mz.121-8b.E7
!
ip subnet-zero
!
!
!
redundancy
!-- This command enables redundancy.
high-availability
!-- This command enables high availability.
single-router-mode
!-- This command enables SRM.
!
interface Vlan10
ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0
!-- Interface Vlan10 is connected to AS10.
!
interface Vlan20
ip address 192.168.2.3 255.255.255.0
!-- Interface Vlan20 is connected to interface Vlan20 on CAT2 via the trunk.
!
router bgp 4
no synchronization
bgp log-neighbor-changes
network 192.168.0.0 mask 255.255.0.0
neighbor 192.168.1.2 remote-as 10
!-- This command establishes eBGP peering with AS10.
neighbor 192.168.2.1 remote-as 4
!-- This command establishes iBGP peering with interface VLAN 20 on CAT2.
neighbor 192.168.2.1 next-hop-self
!-- This command assigns a next-hop value to 192.168.2.3 !-- for updates sent to 192.168.2.1 (the iBGP peer).
!
ip classless
ip route 192.168.0.0 255.255.0.0 Null0
MSFC Configuration on CAT2
CAT2 (enable)
CAT2 (enable) session 15
Trying Router-15...
Connected to Router-15.
Escape character is '^]'.
MSFC-CAT2>enable
MSFC-CAT2#show running-config
Building configuration...
Current configuration : 890 bytes
!
version 12.1
!
hostname MSFC-CAT2
!
boot system flash bootflash:c6msfc-jsv-mz.121-8b.E7
!
ip subnet-zero
!
!
redundancy
!-- This command enables redundancy.
high-availability
!-- This command enables high availability.
single-router-mode
!-- This command enables SRM.
!
interface Vlan10
ip address 192.168.1.3 255.255.255.0
!-- Interface Vlan10 connected to interface Vlan10 on CAT1 via the trunk.
!
interface Vlan20
ip address 192.168.2.1 255.255.255.0
!-- Interface Vlan20 connected to AS20.
!
router bgp 4
no synchronization
bgp log-neighbor-changes
network 192.168.0.0 mask 255.255.0.0
neighbor 192.168.2.2 remote-as 20
!-- This command establishes eBGP peering with AS20.
neighbor 192.168.2.3 remote-as 4
!-- This command establishes iBGP peering with interface Vlan20 on CAT1.
neighbor 192.168.2.3 next-hop-self
!-- This command assigns a next-hop value to 192.168.2.1 !-- for updates sent to 192.168.2.3 (the iBGP peer).
!
ip classless
ip route 192.168.0.0 255.255.0.0 Null0
Troubleshoot
Now that you've verified the high availability SRM configuration, you need to verify the BGP MSFC on CAT1 and CAT2. Use the show ip bgp summary command to verify the neighbor establishment. The output below confirms successful eBGP and iBGP peering with AS10 and the CAT2 MSFC respectively.
MSFC-CAT1#show ip bgp summary
BGP router identifier 192.168.2.3, local AS number 4
BGP table version is 4, main routing table version 4
3 network entries and 4 paths using 435 bytes of memory
4 BGP path attribute entries using 240 bytes of memory
2 BGP AS-PATH entries using 48 bytes of memory
0 BGP route-map cache entries using 0 bytes of memory
0 BGP filter-list cache entries using 0 bytes of memory
BGP activity 3/14 prefixes, 4/0 paths, scan interval 15 secs
Neighbor V AS MsgRcvd MsgSent TblVer InQ OutQ Up/Down State/PfxRcd
192.168.1.2 4 10 90 92 4 0 0 01:26:02 1
192.168.2.1 4 4 91 91 4 0 0 01:25:38 2
Verify the BGP state on the active MSFC in CAT2. The output below confirms successful eBGP and iBGP peering with AS20 and CAT1 respectively
MSFC-CAT2#show ip bgp summary
BGP router identifier 192.168.2.1, local AS number 4
BGP table version is 4, main routing table version 4
3 network entries and 4 paths using 435 bytes of memory
4 BGP path attribute entries using 240 bytes of memory
2 BGP AS-PATH entries using 48 bytes of memory
0 BGP route-map cache entries using 0 bytes of memory
0 BGP filter-list cache entries using 0 bytes of memory
BGP activity 3/0 prefixes, 4/0 paths, scan interval 15 secs
Neighbor V AS MsgRcvd MsgSent TblVer InQ OutQ Up/Down State/PfxRcd
192.168.2.2 4 20 110 112 4 0 0 01:46:43 1
192.168.2.3 4 4 101 101 4 0 0 01:35:09 2
In the event the designated MSFC (Mod 15 on CAT1) experiences a failure, the standby MSFC (Mod 16 on CAT1) takes over the role of active MSFC. It is important to understand that with the failure of the designated MSFC and fail over to the non-designated MSFC, packet switching will continue to work with the Cisco Express Forwarding (CEF) table programmed by the old designated MSFC. The newly designated MSFC will eventually re-program the CEF table with its own entries and the old entries will expire.
Failure of designated MSFC is simulated by resetting Mod 15 on CAT1 as shown below.
CAT1> (enable) reset 15
This command will reset module 15.
Unsaved configuration on module 15 will be lost
Do you want to continue (y/n) [n]? y
2002 May 16 11:52:54 %SYS-5-MOD_RESET:Module 15 reset from Console//
Resetting module 15...
Ping traffic was generated from AS10 to a destination in AS20 during the fail over on CAT1 from designated to non-designated MSFC. Note that there was minimal packet loss during this fail over and the packet forwarding continued to work with the old CEF table programmed by the Mod 15 MSFC until the Mod 16 MSFC re-programs the CEF table with its own entries.
AS10-Router#ping
Protocol [ip]:
Target IP address: 172.16.1.1
Repeat count [5]: 1000
Datagram size [100]:
Timeout in seconds [2]:
Extended commands [n]:
Sweep range of sizes [n]:
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 1000, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 172.16.1.1, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!.!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Success rate is 99 percent (999/1000), round-trip min/avg/max = 1/3/116 ms
网络的神奇作用吸引着越来越多的用户加入其中，正因如此，网络的承受能力也面临着越来越严峻的考验―从硬件上、软件上、所用标准上......，各项技术都需要适时应势，对应发展，这正是网络迅速走向进步的催化剂。
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